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Having过滤器(groupBy)
[!WARNING] Apache Druid支持两种查询语言: Druid SQL 和 原生查询。该文档描述了原生查询中的一种查询方式。 对于Druid SQL中使用的该种类型的信息,可以参考 SQL文档。
having语法用来通过对聚合后的值指定特定条件来决定从GroupBy的结果中返回符合条件的行,基本等价于SQL语法中的HAVING
Apache Druid支持下列类型的having语法
查询过滤器(Query Filters)
所有的Druid查询过滤器都可以被用来使用在查询体的Having部分中。 一个查询过滤器的HavingSpec如下:
{
"queryType": "groupBy",
"dataSource": "sample_datasource",
...
"having":
{
"type" : "filter",
"filter" : <any Druid query filter>
}
}
例如,使用一个选择过滤器(selector filter):
{
"queryType": "groupBy",
"dataSource": "sample_datasource",
...
"having":
{
"type" : "filter",
"filter" : {
"type": "selector",
"dimension" : "<dimension>",
"value" : "<dimension_value>"
}
}
}
对结果行的时间戳进行使用Having语法的时候也可以生效,如同在 "__time" 字段上使用过滤器。
数值过滤器(Numeric Filters)
最简单的having子句是数字过滤器。数字过滤器可以用作过滤器的更复杂布尔表达式的基过滤器。
下面是having子句数字筛选器的示例:
{
"queryType": "groupBy",
"dataSource": "sample_datasource",
...
"having":
{
"type": "greaterThan",
"aggregation": "<aggregate_metric>",
"value": <numeric_value>
}
}
等于(equalTo)
equalTo
过滤器根据指定的聚合后的值进行匹配,返回等于值的行,语法如下:
{
"queryType": "groupBy",
"dataSource": "sample_datasource",
...
"having":
{
"type": "equalTo",
"aggregation": "<aggregate_metric>",
"value": <numeric_value>
}
}
这种方式等价于 HAVING <aggregate> > <value>
大于(Greater Than)
greaterThan
过滤器根据指定的聚合后的值进行匹配,返回大于值的行,语法如下:
{
"queryType": "groupBy",
"dataSource": "sample_datasource",
...
"having":
{
"type": "greaterThan",
"aggregation": "<aggregate_metric>",
"value": <numeric_value>
}
}
这种方式等价于 HAVING <aggregate> > <value>
小于(Less Than)
lessThan
过滤器根据指定的聚合后的值进行匹配,返回大于值的行,语法如下:
{
"queryType": "groupBy",
"dataSource": "sample_datasource",
...
"having":
{
"type": "lessThan",
"aggregation": "<aggregate_metric>",
"value": <numeric_value>
}
}
这种方式等价于 HAVING <aggregate> < <value>
维度选择过滤器(Dimension Selector Filter)
dimSelector
dimSelector过滤器根据维度值等于特定值来匹配行,语法如下:
{
"queryType": "groupBy",
"dataSource": "sample_datasource",
...
"having":
{
"type": "dimSelector",
"dimension": "<dimension>",
"value": <dimension_value>
}
}
逻辑表达式过滤器(Logical Expression Filters)
AND
{
"queryType": "groupBy",
"dataSource": "sample_datasource",
...
"having":
{
"type": "and",
"havingSpecs": [
{
"type": "greaterThan",
"aggregation": "<aggregate_metric>",
"value": <numeric_value>
},
{
"type": "lessThan",
"aggregation": "<aggregate_metric>",
"value": <numeric_value>
}
]
}
}
OR
{
"queryType": "groupBy",
"dataSource": "sample_datasource",
...
"having":
{
"type": "or",
"havingSpecs": [
{
"type": "greaterThan",
"aggregation": "<aggregate_metric>",
"value": <numeric_value>
},
{
"type": "equalTo",
"aggregation": "<aggregate_metric>",
"value": <numeric_value>
}
]
}
}
NOT
{
"queryType": "groupBy",
"dataSource": "sample_datasource",
...
"having":
{
"type": "not",
"havingSpec":
{
"type": "equalTo",
"aggregation": "<aggregate_metric>",
"value": <numeric_value>
}
}
}